Evaluation of changes in inflammatory mediators and redox balance caused by the six-month training

Istraživanje je koncipirano tako da ispita uticaj programiranog fizičkog vežbanja na aktivnost pro i antiinflamatornih citokina i oksidativnih enzima, kao i na morfo-funkcionalne parametre. Korelacijom je dokazivana jačina povezanosti svih oksidativnih enzima, inflamatornih citokina, i morfo-funkcionalnih parametara nakon sprovedenog šestomesečnog trenažnog ciklusa. Svi rezultati sportista su upoređivani sa vrednostima nesportista u mirovanju. Prvi deo istraživanja obuhvatio je 28 fudbalera, starosti 12-13 godina i najmanje petogodišnjim trenažnim iskustvom, i 28 dečaka iste starosti, koji nemaju programiranu fizičku aktivnost. Svi su podvrgnuti merenju telesne kompozicije. Prvi deo istraživanja sastojao se od uzimanja uzoraka krvi u miru i nakon progresivno rastućeg testa opterećenja radi određivanja nivoa biohemijskih parametara oksidativnog stresa (superoksid anjon radikal, vodonik peroksid, azot monoksid, indeks lipidne peroksidacije, superoksid dismutaza,katalaza i redukovani glutation) i inflamatornih citokina (tumorske nekroze faktor alfa i interleukina 6). Drugi deo istraživanja je obuhvatao samo sportiste. Ponovljen je progresivni rastući test opterećenja kao i uzimanje uzoraka venske krvi radi ponovljenih biohemijskih testova svih parametara oksidativnog stresa i inflamatornih citokina u cilju procene nivoa njihove aktivnosti nakon sprovedenog šestomesečnog programa treninga. Rezultati naše studije pokazuju da programiran trenažni proces dovodi do pozitivne aktivacije antioksidativnih enzima prvog odbrambenog zida, sniženog inflamatornog odgovora i pozitivnih morfo - funkcionalnih promena. Korelacija redoks ravnoteže i praćenih citokina pokazuje nisku povezanost. Morfo-funkcionalni parametri pokazuju slabu ili nikakvu povezanost sa redoks ravnotežom i inflamatornim citokinima.The research was designed to examine the effects of programmed physical exercise on the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzymes, as well as on the morpho-functional parameters. The correlation was used to assess the strength of relationship between oxidative enzymes, inflamatory citokines and morphofunctional parameters after 6 months of programmed football training. All the results of athletes were compared with results of non athletes at rest. The investigation included 28 players with minimum 5 years of sports experience, aged 12-13 years, and 28 age/matched boys not engaged in physical activity. All underwent measurement of body composition.The first part of the research included blood sampling at rest and after progressively increasing load test to determine the levels of biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6). The second part of the study included only the athletes. Progressively increasing load test was performed and venous blood samples taken in order to assess changes in biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation due to six/month training programme. The results of the research show that programmed training leads to positive activation of antioxidative enzymes of the first defense wall, decreased inflamatory response and positive morphofunctional changes. Correlation of redox balance and monitored cytokines showed a low relationship. Morpho - functional parameters showed poor or no correlation with the redox balance and inflammatory cytokines

Fens of the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae (Nordh. 1936) R. Tx. 1937. in Serbia - floristic and vegetation characteristics, threats and protection

Tresave Srbije i Balkanskog poluostrva predstavljaju južne granice distribucije tresava u Evropi. Tresavska vegetacija, odnosno vegetacija u sintaksonomskom smislu obuhvaćena je klasama Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et Tüxen ex Westhoff et al. 1946 i Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae (Nordh. 1936) R. Tx. 1937., od kojih je na teritoriji Republike Srbije zabeležena samo vegetacija klase Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. Ova vegetacija je prestavljena većim brojem malih i veoma malih tresava brdsko planinskih predela i osnovni je predmet ove doktorske disertacije. Ciljevi ove disertacije su višestruki: uobličavanje opših teorijskih postavki i definicija tresava i treseta, njihova geneza, ekologija, distribucija i značaj; sistematizacija svih relevantnih publikovanih i nepublikovanih podataka; analiza postojećih klasifikacionih sistema; sintaksonomske i florističke analize prikupljenih podataka o tresavama Srbije; utvrđivanje aktuelnog stanja i faktora ugrožavanja tresavske flore i vegetacije; analiza nacionalne i međunarodne legislative iz oblasti zaštite prirode; analiza do sada zaštićenih tresavskih područja u Srbiji sa uočenim prednostima i slabostima zaštite. Na bazi komparativnih analiza svih dostupnih vegetacijskih snimaka klase Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae na nivou Evrope, uključujući Srbiju (Peterka et al. 2016 submitted), urađen je predlog revizije nacionalne sintaksonomije tresavske vegetacije pri čemu su sve biljne asocijacije svrstane u dva reda: Caricetalia fuscae W. Koch 1926 emend. Nordhagen 1937 i Caricetalia davallianae Br.-Bl. 1950, i 4 sveze: Caricion fuscae Koch 1926, Sphagno-Caricion canescentis Passarge (1964) 1978, 3arthecion scardici Horvat ex Lakušić 1968 i Caricion davallianae Klika 1934. Sveza Sphagno (recurvi)- Caricion canescentis po prvi put je konstatovana za Srbiju dok je sveza Caricion davallianae prethodno samo literaturno navođena, bez konkretnih publikovanih fitocenoloških snimaka. Novoopisane biljne asocijacije imenovane su radno, i tek predstoji njihova definitivna obrada radi publikovanja...Serbia and Balkan Peninsula represents the southern limits of mires distribution in Europe. Mire vegetation, or vegetation syntaxonomically included in classes Oxycocco- Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et Tüxen ex Westhoff et al. 1946 and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae (Nordh. 1936) R. Tx. 1937. on the territory of Republic of Serbia is presented only by vegetation class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. This vegetation is represented by a number of small and very small mountainous mires (fens) and is the main subject of this doctoral thesis. There are several aims of this thesis: shaping the general theoretical assumptions and definitions of mires and peats, their genesis, ecology, distribution and importance; systematization of all relevant published and unpublished data; analysis of existing classification systems; syntaxonomical and floristic analysis of data collected on fens in Serbia; determining the current situation and the factors threathening mires flora and vegetation; analysis of national and international legislation in the field of nature protection; analysis of protected mire areas in Serbia with perceived strengths and weaknesses of protection. Proposed revision of national syntaxonomy of fen vegetation is based on the comparative analysis of all the available vegetation plots of the class Scheuchzerio- Caricetea fuscae in Europe, including Serbia (Peterka et al. 2016 submitted). Thus, all plant associations are grouped in two orders: Caricetalia fuscae W. Koch 1926 emend. Nordhagen 1937 and Caricetalia davallianae Br.-Bl. 1950, and four alliances: Caricion fuscae Koch 1926, Sphagno-Caricion canescentis Passarge (1964) 1978, 3arthecion scardici Horvat ex Lakušić 1968 and Caricion davallianae Klika 1934. Alliance Sphagno (recurvi)-Caricion canescentis is recorded for the first time in Serbia and Caricion davallianae was previously only cited in the literature but without specific published phytocoenological plots..

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOTOR ABILITIES IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 10 AND 9

The aim of this research is to confirm differences in the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of schoolchildren aged 9 and 10 compared by sex and age. The sample comprised 341 schoolchildren, divided into two subgroups of third (172) and fourth (169) graders. The research is of a transversal character and includes the measurement of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities by applying the Eurofit fitness testing battery. The results show a significant difference based on sex in terms of body mass (t = 2.148), and as for motor abilities, there is a difference in the Shuttle run test (t = -3.709). A statistically significant difference considering the age of the tested population was observed in height (t = -10.327) and body mass (Z = -5,991), while in terms of motor abilities there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all the tests: Hand tapping (t = 4.735), the Standing long jump (Z = -3,575), Shuttle run (t = 12,248), the Flexed arm hang (Z = -2,167), Sit and reach (Z = -2,406), Sit-ups in 30 seconds (t = -9069). The research shows a higher statistically significant difference observed in body composition, but also in the motor area of the studied group in terms of age, and in relation to the statistically significant difference that was revealed by gender

Konkurentnost odabranih zemalja jugoistočne Europe na tržištu drvenih podova Europske unije

Selected South-Eastern European countries (SEEC - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia) represent significant producers and exporters of wood flooring in Europe. In 2018, 9.4 % of Europe’s wood flooring production originated from this region. The region is a net exporter of wood flooring since it exports over 50 % of total production. The most important market for the export of wood flooring is the European Union with a share of over 60 % in total exports. Trends in this market are important for manufacturers and exporters from the region. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of the European Union imports on wood flooring production in the SEEC was conducted by application of econometric modelling. The parameters of the obtained model show that the increase of approximately 0.75 % could be expected in the production of wood flooring in selected South-Eastern European countries for each precentral increase in the European Union imports. In addition to these results, the paper presents the analysis of the competitiveness of wood flooring export from the region measured by the Competitiveness Growth Index (RCA1). The aim of this analysis was to quantify the level of their price and non-price competitiveness in the European Union market. Conducted analyses show that the Competitiveness Growth Index (RCA1) had positive values (higher than one) for most significant countries from the SEEC for most of the observed period.Odabrane zemlje jugoistočne Europe (SEEC – Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Hrvatska, Crna Gora, Sjeverna Makedonija, Srbija i Slovenija) značajni su proizvođači i izvoznici drvenih podova u Europi. U 2018. godini 9,4 % europske ponude drvenih podova proizvedeno je upravo u toj regiji. Regija je neto izvoznik drvenih podova jer izvozi više od 50 % ukupne proizvodnje. Najvažnije je tržište za izvoz drvenih podova Europska unija, na koju otpada više od 60 % ukupnog izvoza. Trendovi na tržištu Europske unije vrlo su važni za proizvođače i izvoznike iz promatranih zemalja SEEC-a. Stoga je primjenom ekonometrijskog modeliranja analiziran utjecaj uvoza Europske unije na proizvodnju drvenih podova u SEEC regiji. Parametri dobivenog modela pokazuju da se sa svakim postotkom povećanja uvoza u Europsku uniju može očekivati rast proizvodnje drvenih podova u odabranim zemljama jugoistočne Europe za oko 0,75 %. Osim rezultata provedene analize, u radu su izneseni i rezultati analize konkurentnosti izvoza drvenih podova iz zemalja SEEC-a mjereni indeksom rasta konkurentnosti (RCA1). Cilj analize bio je kvantificiranje razine njihove cjenovne i necjenovne konkurentnosti na tržištu Europske unije. Provedene analize pokazuju da je indeks rasta konkurentnosti (RCA1) za najznačajnije zemlje SEEC-a u većini godina promatranog razdoblja imao pozitivne vrijednosti (veće od 1)

Nonlinear forced vibration of a functionally graded nonlocal nanobeam embedded in a fractional viscoelastic medium

In recent years, nonlinear and damping effects have become more important in the study of the dynamic behavior of micro- and nano- systems and devices. Therefore, investigators direct special attention to the mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of nano-structures such as carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanotubes and functionally graded beams. The functionally graded materials (FGM) are types of structures that are composed of at last two-phase inhomogeneous particulate composite and synthesized in such manner that the volume fractions of constituents vary continuously along any desired spatial direction. This results in smooth variation of mechanical properties along desired direction. Nazemnezhad et al. [1] have analyzed the free nonlinear vibration of FG nanobeam based on the von Karman deformation, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and nonlocal elasticity. They obtained approximated analytical solution for the nonlinear natural frequency by applying the multiple scales perturbation method. Ansari et al. [2] proposed nonlinear dynamic model to analyze the nonlinear forced vibration of FG nanobeam in thermal environment based on the surface elasticity theory. Some authors describe dissipation effects in viscoelastic structures and nanostructures using fractional derivative models [3]. Ansari et al. [4] investigated the nonlinear vibration of a nonlocal fractional viscoelastic nanobeam using numerical methods. By browsing the literature, the authors found a small number of studies focused on the vibration analysis of FG nanobeams embedded in certain type of medium. In this report, we investigated the dynamical model of a functionally graded (FG) beam modeled as a nanobeam with geometric nonlinearity embedded in a fractional Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic medium by using the nonlocal continuum theory. The material properties of FG nanobeam vary continuously through thickness direction, which is based on the power-low distribution. We assume that the FG nanobeam has simply-supported boundary conditions and vibrates under the influence of the transversal periodic load. Based on the nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, von Karman nonlinear strain-displacements relation, we obtain the nonlinear fractional partial differential equations of transversal motion of the embedded FG nanobeam. By using the assumption of small fractional damping we employed the perturbation method of multiple-scales to obtain the approximated analytical solution of the governing equation of motion. The relationships between frequency-amplitude and force-amplitude in the presence of fractional damping are derived by using the multiple scales method. It is shown that the nonlocal parameter, fractional damping and material property gradient index have significant effects on the vibration behavior of FG nanobeam and therefore receive substantial attention

Varijabilnost osobina fundamenta kod prvotelki simentalske rase

Visual evaluation and recognition of dairy traits of cows are preliminary indicators of milk yield, longevity, and reproductive ability of the individual animal, which is very important from the aspect of the economics of milk production. The deficiencies in the fundament traits lead to poor production, poor health and premature culling of cows from the herd. The paper examines the frequency of preferred scores of a certain trait in the first calving heifers according to the housing method (animals reared by individual agricultural producers and farm animals) and their origin (domestic and imported animals), as well as the impact of these two factors on the observed properties. Four fundament traits were analysed: the position of the hind legs, the development of the hocks/joints, the pastern joints and the height of the feet on a total of 954 first-calving Simmental heifers. Observed by the housing method, the higher frequency of the preferred scores for all of the fundament traits, was achieved by the farm cows, while according to the origin of the cows, the higher frequency of the preferred scores for all of the fundament traits was realized by imported animals in relation to domestic cows. The influence of the factors of the housing method and origin of animals examined by χ2 test on all the tested linear scores (frequency of scores) of the fundament traits was statistically very significant (p≤0.001), while the analysis of the variance (F test) determined high significance (p≤0.001) of the interaction between the origin and housing method on the height of the feet, as well as significant effect (p≤0.05) on the position of the hind legs, while on other linear scores of the fundament traits it did not exhibit statistical significance (p>0.05).Vizuelna procena i prepoznavanje mlečnih karakteristika krava su preliminarni pokazatelji mlečnosti, dugovečnosti, kao i reproduktivnih sposobnosti grla, što je veoma važno sa aspekta ekonomičnosti proizvodnje mleka. Nedostaci u osobinama fundamenta dovode do slabije proizvodnje, lošeg zdravstvenog stanja i preranog isključenja krava iz zapata. U radu je ispitivana učestalost poželjnih ocena određene osobine kod prvotelki podeljenih po načinu držanja (grla kod individualnih proizvođača i grla sa farme) i podeljenih po poreklu (grla domaćeg odgoja i grla iz uvoza), kao i uticaj ova dva faktora na posmatrane osobine. Analizirane su četiri osobine fundamenta: položaj zadnjih nogu, razvijenost skočnog zgloba, kičični zglobovi i visina papaka na ukupno 954 prvotelke simentalske rase. Posmatrano prema načinu držanja, veću frekvenciju poželjnih ocena za sve osobine fundamenta iskazane u ocenama ostvarile su krave sa farme, dok su prema poreklu krava, veću frekvenciju poželjnih ocena za sve osobine fundamenta iskazane u ocenama ostvarile krave poreklom iz uvoza u odnosu na krave domaćeg porekla. Uticaj faktora načina držanja i porekla grla ispitivani χ2 testom na sve isptitivane linearne ocene (frekvenciju ocena) osobina fundamenta bio je statistički vrlo visoko značajan (p≤0,001), dok je analizom varijanse (F test) utvrđena visoka značajnost (p≤0,001) interakcije porekla i načina držanja na visinu papaka, kao i značajnost (p≤0,05) na poziciju zadnjih nogu, dok na ostale linearne ocene osobina fundamenta nije ispoljila statističku značajnost (p>0,05)

Pojava deformacije ekstremiteta krava simentalske rase u različitim tipovima ležišta

Problems with legs and various forms of lameness of cows, in intensive milk production, are the third significant problem occuring in this production, after mastitis and reproductive disorders, both globally and in our country. The paper analyzes the incidence of the deformation of legs of 145 cows of the Simmental breed in the Kolubara region, and the influence of paragenetic factors (housing/holding and type of stall/bedding and lactation) on the incidence of deformations. The obtained results show that, of the total number of cows assessed, 3.45% had 'X' position of the front legs, 14.8% had a 'X' position of the hind legs. The convergent position of the front legs was recorded in 35.86%, and divergent in 8.28% of animals. The convergent position of the hind legs was observed in 16.55% of cows, and divergent in 2.76%. The outward position of the front legs was observed in 4.14% of cows, inward position in 11.03%, and broad position in 4.14% of studied cows. Also, 17.24% of the cows had a so called sable like position of hind legs, and 7.59% showed steap angle of hind legs. The pronounced soft front leg pasterns were observed in 7.59% of the cows, and the soft pasterns of the hind legs in 33.79% of the total number of observed cows. The observed changes in the ankles in the shape of swelling were recorded in 1.38% of cattle on the carpal joint and 2.76% on the tarsal ankle. The damaged shoulder and body joint (scabbed shoulder) was observed in 43.45% of the total number of cows evaluated. Scores for the front and hind legs front, back and side views, varied at different levels of significance under the influence of the type of stall/bedding, while the scores for the condition of the hind leg pasterns varied highly significantly (p lt 0.001) under the influence of the type of stall/bedding. The scores for the front leg pasterns and scores for shoulder and body joint were not significant (p> 0.05) depending on the type of stall/bedding and the method of housing/holding of cows.Problemi sa nogama i različiti oblici šepavosti krava, u intenzivnoj proizvodnji mleka su treći problem po značaju posle mastitisa i reproduktivnih poremećaja, kako u svetu tako i u našoj zemlji. U radu su analizirane pojava deformacije stavova nogu 145 krava simentalske rase na području Kolubarskog okruga, i uticaj paragenetskih faktora (način držanja i tip ležišta i laktacija po redu) na pojavu deformacija. Od ukupnog broja ocenjenih krava 3,45 % je imalo 'X' stav prednjih nogu, 14,8% je imalo 'X' stav zadnjih nogu. Konvergentan stav prednjih nogu imalo je 35,86%, a divergentan 8,28%. Konvergentan stav zadnjih nogu imalo je 16,55% krava, a divergentan 2,76%. Isturen stav prednjih nogu imalo je 4,14% krava, podvučen 11,03%, a širok stav 4,14%. Sabljast stav zadnjih nogu imalo je 17,24% krava, a stubast 7,59%. Izražene mekane kičice prednjih nogu imalo je 7,59% krava, a mekane kičice zadnjih nogu imalo je 33,79% od ukupnog broja ocenjenih krava. Uočene promene na zglobovima u vidu otoka imalo je 1,38% krava na karpalnom zglobu i 2,76% na tarzalnom zglobu. Narušen spoj lopatice i tela (odvaljena plećka) imalo je 43,45% od ukupnog broja ocenjenih krava. Ocene za stavove prednjih i zadnjih nogu posmatrano spreda, otpozadi i sa strane varirale su na različitom nivou značajnosti pod uticajem tipa ležišta, dok ocene za stanje kičica na zadnjim nogama su vrlo visoko značajno (p lt 0,001) varirale pod uticajem tipa ležišta. Ocene za kičice prednjih nogu i ocene za spoj lopatice i trupa, nisu značajno (p>0,05) zavisile od tipa ležišta i načina držanja krava

Rezultati biološkog testa bikova simentalske rase u centralnoj Srbiji

Exceptionally important aspect in cattle production, from the aspect of production and economy, is ensuring normal and regular fertility. Every cattle breeder wants to have high-yielding animals which at the same time have good fertility. In proper cattle breeding this means that from each cow during single year one healthy calf is obtained. Use of artificial insemination has enabled that one breeding male is used as sire for several tens of thousands of progeny, however, there is always the risk that sires could be carriers of lethal and semi-lethal genes, which can cause huge losses of calves. In order to bring these undesirable occurrences to a minimum, so called bilogical test is included in the breeding and selection activities, i.e. bulls are tested through their progeny for presence of difficult calving (dystocia) abd calf losses caused by genetic anomalies. In Republic of Serbia, this test is carried out on ehtire Simmental population in an exchange of data produced by primary breeding organizations. Per each tested bull, it is necessary to have data on minimum 50 randomly selected calves. Calves are examined visually 65 days after the birth, at the latest. In the present study, the results of the biological testing of 35 Simmental bulls, sires of total 3572 calves on the territory of Central Serbia, in the period 2008-2009, are used. The effect of sires on parameters of biological test were studied: body mass of calves at birth, calf score and calving score. Also, bulls were ranked based on said parameters, male/female calves ratio and percentage of twins and still-born calves for each bull individually were determined. After the rank of bulls was established, the correlation between the rank and studied fertility traits was determined. Correlations were expressed using the Spearman coefficient. Research results show that the effect of bulls was very high p (lt) 0,001 on all three parameters of the biological test, and also that the percentage of still born calves for all bulls was within limits, with the exception of bulls Zahlo (HB 1497) and Woz (HB 1433) where it was above 5.Izuzetno važan aspekt u govedarskoj proizvodnji, gledano sa proizvodnog i ekonomskog stanovišta je obezbeđivanje normalne i redovne plodnosti. Svaki odgajivač goveda želi da ima grla koja su visoko proizvodna i istovremeno poseduju dobru plodnost. Za pravilno odgajivanje goveda to znači da se od svake krave u toku godine dobije po jedno zdravo tele. Upotreba veštačkog osemenjavanja omogućila je da jedan priplodnjak bude otac nekoliko desetina hiljada potomaka. Međutim, uvek postoji rizik da su očevi nosioci letalnih i semiletalnih gena, što može prouzrokovati velike gubitke teladi. Da bi se ove nepoželjne pojave svele na najmanju moguću meru u odgajivački i selekcijski rad uključeno je ispitivanje bikova po potomstvu na teška teljenja i gubitke teladi izazvane genetskim anomalijama, tzv. biološki test. Ovaj test se u Republici Srbiji vrši jedinstveno za čitavu populaciju simentalske rase, razmenom podataka između odgajivačkih organizacija. Po svakom biku koji se testira, neophodno je imati podatke za najmanje 50 slučajno odabrane teladi. Vizualni pregled teladi se obavlja najkasnije do 65 dana, od datuma rođenja teleta. U ovom istraživanju korišćeni su rezultati biološkog testa 35 bikova simentalske rase koji su bili očevi ukupno 3572 teladi na teritoriji centralne Srbije u periodu 2008. i 2009. godine. U radu je ispitivan uticaj očeva na parametre biološkog testa: telesnu masu teladi po rođenju, ocenu teleta i ocenu toka teljenja. Takođe je izvršeno rangiranje bikova na ove parametre, kao i utvrđivanje odnosa muške i ženske teladi, procenat bližnjenja kao i procenat mrtvorođene teladi za svakog bika posebno. Nakon utvrđenog ranga bikova izvršena je korelacija ranga ispitivanih osobina plodnosti. Korelacije su iskazane Spirmanovim koeficijentom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je uticaj bikova izuzetno visok p (lt) 0,001 na sva tri parametra u biološkom testu, kao i da je procenat mrtvorođene teladi kod svih bikova u dozvoljenim granica, osim bikova Zahlo (HB 1497) i Woz (HB 1433) gde je iznosio preko 5

Contamination of the Šar Mountains Aquatorium – Kosovo with Depleted Uranium

The main objective of this study was to estimate the environmental and health risk of the Šar Mountains (Kosovo) for depleted uranium contamination. The risk assessment of the contamination is needed since, in the spring of 1999, conflict with bombarding took place in the territory of the Western Balkans, during which depleted uranium ammunition was used. In Serbia and Montenegro, such tests were performed; based on them, some territories were decontaminated. Šar Mountains is particularly important as it is one of the few water-rich areas in Kosovo. Therefore, soil and water samples were taken from characteristic places in the Šar Mountains aquatorium. Tests of the samples were performed under well-controlled conditions. The measurement uncertainty was less than 5%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that there was no contamination of the Šar Mountains with depleted uranium. This conclusion can be extended to the broader area around the Šar Mountains, as it is a safe area surrounded by high mountains

Assessment of Occupational Dose in Fluoroscopy Procedures When Individual Monitoring Is Not Utilized

Fluoroscopy procedures may lead to increased radiation exposure of radiologists and other staff members. The objective of the study is to assess whole body radiation doses and doses to the eye in fluoroscopy procedures, based on measurements that allow for estimates of occupational doses when personal dosimeters have not been used. Four geometrical configurations were considered: overcouch x-ray tube with and without table mounted lead rubber curtains in place, undercouch x-ray tube with horizontal x-ray beam and undercouch x-ray tube with vertical x-ray beam. The doses were estimated using distribution of the scattered radiation and typical workload, as well as the pattern of used of protective tools. Estimated effective dose was in the range from few to 60 mu Sv per procedure for radiologist, and from few to 20 mu Sv per procedure for radiographer, depending on the geometrical configuration and level of personal protection. Corresponding unprotected eye doses were estimated to be in the range 0.03 - 2.8 mSv per procedure for radiologist and 0.02-0.78 mSv for radiographer. The presented results allowed for realistic estimations of the occupational whole body dose and dose to the eyes from the workload of the staff members and from the level of use of radiation protection tools when personal dosimeters have not been regularly used.3rd International Conference on Radiation and Applications in Various Fields of Research (RAD), Jun 08-12, 2015, Budva, Montenegr